B\u00e1n h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p (Underpricing Sales): <\/strong><\/span><\/span>C\u00f4ng ty con \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m cho c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m doanh thu ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn sang c\u00f4ng ty li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi: <\/strong>Giao d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (\u0110i\u1ec1u 13) ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14), t\u00f9y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Hai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p FDI c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n- \n
V\u1ec1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb mua t\u1eeb b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft (\u0111i\u1ec3m c kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13):<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf mua m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eeb b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u00e1 mua m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tu\u00e2n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m mua. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, gi\u00e1 so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft mua m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m mua, khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tr\u00edch kh\u1ea5u hao t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- V\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kinh doanh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh doanh thu, chi ph\u00ed t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t sinh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 mua – b\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, th\u00ec \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tinh vi h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nT\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, b\u00ed quy\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n
\n- Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n (Royalty Fee) v\u00e0 Ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u: <\/strong><\/span><\/span>C\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ed th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u cho c\u00f4ng ty con t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o doanh thu.<\/li>\n
- Chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: <\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi: <\/strong>C\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xem ai l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gia t\u0103ng, duy tr\u00ec, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\nB\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n cho b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Chi ph\u00ed thanh to\u00e1n cho b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
- Chi ph\u00ed thanh to\u00e1n cho b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u00e9t c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh nh\u01b0ng quy m\u00f4 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb giao d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
- Chi ph\u00ed thanh to\u00e1n cho b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng thu thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, gia t\u0103ng cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (Management Fee): <\/strong><\/span><\/span>C\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed cho c\u00f4ng ty con t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng ty con (Benefit Test).<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o\/ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb (Marketing Fee):<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn chi ph\u00ed marketing to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho c\u00f4ng ty con, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi: <\/strong>Tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf trong k\u1ef3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf; d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp chi tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y; ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\nNg\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, chi ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eeb khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu nh\u1eadp ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- Chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c;<\/li>\n
- D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft;<\/li>\n
- D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p do nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf;<\/li>\n
- D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n;<\/li>\n
- Chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 do b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua trung gian b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nTrong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n vay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- \n
Vay v\u1ed1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 cho c\u00f4ng ty con vay v\u1ed1n v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed l\u00e3i vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 255\/2026\/N\u0110-CP, giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n l\u00e3i vay trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vay v\u00e0 cho vay thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nB\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 vay v\u1ed1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi ph\u00ed l\u00e3i vay, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 tinh vi h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nH\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n khi g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n: Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb) ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7) v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c kh\u1ea5u hao (chi ph\u00ed) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf TNDN.<\/span><\/p>\nV\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, giao d\u1ecbch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 thu\u1ebf\u201d t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 255\/2026\/N\u0110-CP: giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ghi tr\u00ean bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n<\/p>\n
<\/span>C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n![\"C\u1eadp](\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cap-nhat-co-so-phap-ly-cho-cac-hinh-thuc-chuyen-gia-1.jpg\")
C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 tinh vi, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 255\/2026\/N\u0110-CP, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Lu\u1eadt Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1ebf s\u1ed1 108\/2025\/QH15 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ed1 67\/2025\/QH15.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 255\/2026\/N\u0110-CP v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nD\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00f4ng tin nhanh v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 255:<\/p>\n
\nB\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 255.<\/span><\/caption>\n\n\nN\u1ed9i dung<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng tin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Ng\u00e0y ban h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/td>\n | 30\/6\/2026<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/td>\n | T\u1eeb 01\/7\/2026, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf TNDN n\u0103m 2026<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| V\u0103n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/td>\n | Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 132\/2020\/N\u0110-CP v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 20\/2025\/N\u0110-CP<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/span><\/td>\n | Doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 20\/2025\/N\u0110-CP ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp cho th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/p>\n \nGiao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch mua, b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, thu\u00ea, cho thu\u00ea, m\u01b0\u1ee3n, cho m\u01b0\u1ee3n, chuy\u1ec3n giao, chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5; vay, cho vay, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c; mua, b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, thu\u00ea, cho thu\u00ea, m\u01b0\u1ee3n, cho m\u01b0\u1ee3n, chuy\u1ec3n giao, chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn mua, b\u00e1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, v\u1ed1n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, chia s\u1ebb chi ph\u00ed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\nKho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 12 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n \n- S\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1ed1n (\u0111i\u1ec3m a):<\/strong> \u201cM\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eafm gi\u1eef tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 25% v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p kia\u201d.<\/li>\n
- C\u00f9ng b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba s\u1edf h\u1eefu (\u0111i\u1ec3m b):<\/strong> C\u1ea3 hai doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 25% v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu do m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba n\u1eafm gi\u1eef tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
- C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (\u0111i\u1ec3m c):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p kia.<\/li>\n
- B\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, cho vay (\u0111i\u1ec3m d):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ho\u1eb7c cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c vay v\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, \u201cv\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n vay c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i vay v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p cho vay ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 25% v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i vay v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 50% t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 trung v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i vay\u201d (tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m d.1, d.2, d.3).<\/li>\n
- Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (\u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111):<\/strong> S\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 50% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 hai; ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 hai.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n (\u0111i\u1ec3m g, \u0111i\u1ec3m i):<\/strong> Hai doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m g; c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
- Chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n, vay, m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (\u0111i\u1ec3m l, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi):<\/strong> Chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 25% v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf; vay, cho vay, m\u01b0\u1ee3n, cho m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10% v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (\u0111i\u1ec3m k):<\/strong> C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chi nh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u00ea khai, n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p) ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p kia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (Arm\u2019s Length Principle)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. <\/span>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 255\/2026\/N\u0110-CP:<\/p>\n | | | | | |