{"id":666,"date":"2025-05-27T20:18:54","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T03:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/?p=666"},"modified":"2025-10-14T19:23:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T02:23:40","slug":"hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Accounting for GDLK 2025 interest"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest accounting <a href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/tong-quan-giao-dich-lien-ket-2025\/\">affiliate transactions<\/a> (GDLK) has become an important tool, helping businesses comply with tax laws, optimize financial costs and improve transparency in financial reporting. Understanding the principles and correctly implementing GDLK loan accounting will help businesses minimize transfer pricing risks, effectively control costs, and strengthen their reputation with investors and management agencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Gioi_thieu_ve_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\" >Introduction to accounting for interest on long-term loans<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK_la_gi\" >What is GDLK interest accounting?\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Tam_quan_trong_cua_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK_chinh_xac_doi_voi_doanh_nghiep\" >The importance of accurate accounting of GDLK interest for businesses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Loi_ich_cua_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\" >Benefits of accounting for interest on long-term debt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Nguyen_tac_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\" >Principles of accounting for interest on loans<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Xac_dinh_doi_tuong_vay\" >Identify the borrower<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Xac_dinh_lai_suat_hop_ly\" >Determine the appropriate interest rate\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Thoi_diem_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\" >Time of accounting for interest on GDLK loans<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Quy_trinh_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK_trong_doanh_nghiep\" >Procedure for accounting for interest on long-term loans in enterprises<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Cach_tinh_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >How to calculate interest costs of related party transactions\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#So_lieu_lai_suat_dang_tin_cay\" >Reliable interest rate data<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Cac_luu_y_va_rui_ro_khi_hach_toan_GDLK\" >Notes and risks when accounting for GDLK<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Rui_ro_xac_dinh_sai_lai_suat_thi_truong\" >Risk of misidentifying market interest rates<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Gioi_han_khau_tru_lai_vay_theo_quy_dinh\" >Limits on interest deductions as prescribed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Nghia_vu_thue_doi_voi_khoan_vay_tu_ben_lien_ket_nuoc_ngoai\" >Tax obligations on loans from foreign affiliates<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Yeu_cau_ve_kiem_soat_noi_bo\" >Internal control requirements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Y_nghia\" >Meaning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Ket_luan\" >Conclude<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/hach-toan-lai-vay-gdlk-2025\/#Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\" >Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi_thieu_ve_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\"><\/span><b>Introduction to accounting for interest on long-term loans<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK_la_gi\"><\/span><b>What is GDLK interest accounting?\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for related party interest is the process of recording, classifying and managing interest expenses arising from transactions between related companies, including parent companies - subsidiaries, or between companies belonging to the same multinational corporation. Unlike normal loans from banks or external credit institutions, interest from related party transactions needs to be determined transparently, in compliance with market principles (arm&#039;s length principle) to ensure that there is no transfer pricing or unreasonable cost declaration.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tam_quan_trong_cua_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK_chinh_xac_doi_voi_doanh_nghiep\"><\/span><b>The importance of accurate accounting of GDLK interest for businesses<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correctly accounting for interest on loans with interest brings many benefits to businesses. First of all, it helps businesses comply with tax regulations, avoiding the risk of being charged or fined by tax authorities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second, accurate accounting also helps businesses manage interest expenses effectively, thereby optimizing profits and improving financial efficiency. Finally, financial reports with full information on associated interest expenses will increase transparency, helping investors, shareholders and partners have an accurate view of the financial situation of the business.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP together <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/thong-tu-huong-dan\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circular 45\/2021\/TT-BTC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has provided detailed instructions on declaring, calculating and accounting for interest on GDLK loans, especially emphasizing the application of market interest rates to determine tax-deductible expenses. Therefore, understanding and correctly applying the accounting process for GDLK loans is not only a legal requirement but also an important step in managing tax risks and financial costs of enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi_ich_cua_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\"><\/span><b>Benefits of accounting for interest on long-term debt<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for interest on long-term debt is not only a legal requirement but also brings many practical benefits to businesses. Including:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1962\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1962\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1962\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Loi-ich-cua-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK.jpg\" alt=\"L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n l\u00e3i vay GDLK\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Loi-ich-cua-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Loi-ich-cua-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Loi-ich-cua-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Loi-ich-cua-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Loi-ich-cua-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1962\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benefits of accounting for interest on long-term debt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for related party interest is the most important benefit of tax compliance. When interest payments between related parties are accurately accounted for, businesses will avoid the risk of being charged or fined by tax authorities due to unreasonable expense declaration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for interest on loans helps businesses optimize financial costs. When interest costs are determined based on market interest rates and fully recorded, businesses can accurately calculate tax-deductible expenses, thereby minimizing tax burden and increasing net profit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for interest on GDLK loans also supports businesses in preparing internal management reports, analyzing financial performance between departments or subsidiaries, and accurately assessing profits on each project or loan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\"><\/span><b>Principles of accounting for interest on loans<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To accurately account for GDLK interest, businesses need to master the following basic principles:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1963\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1963\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1963\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nguyen-tac-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK.jpg\" alt=\"Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n l\u00e3i vay GDLK\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nguyen-tac-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nguyen-tac-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nguyen-tac-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nguyen-tac-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nguyen-tac-hach-toan-lai-vay-GDLK-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1963\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Principles of accounting for interest on loans<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xac_dinh_doi_tuong_vay\"><\/span><b>Identify the borrower<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To properly account for GDLK loan interest, businesses need to start by clarifying who is the borrower in the affiliated relationship. Specifically as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Affiliated parties:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Are companies belonging to the same group or have a capital ownership relationship, controlling operations. Loans from related parties must be clearly recorded in the contract, including interest rate, term and payment method.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Third Party:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Is a bank, credit institution or company that is not affiliated in terms of capital and management. This loan is not an affiliated transaction, but still needs to be accounted for according to normal accounting standards.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xac_dinh_lai_suat_hop_ly\"><\/span><b>Determine the appropriate interest rate\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When recording interest, enterprises must apply market interest rates to avoid transfer pricing risks. In case the interest rate is higher or lower than the market rate, the difference can be excluded when determining tax-deductible expenses. Therefore, enterprises need to base on actual data from banks, interbank interest rate reports or reliable reference sources to determine valid interest rates.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thoi_diem_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK\"><\/span><b>Time of accounting for interest on GDLK loans<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The timing of accounting for related-party interest must also be accurate and consistent with the accounting period in which it occurs. If a business records interest expenses earlier or later than the actual amount, the financial statements will be inaccurate and will easily create risks during the tax audit process. In addition, all related-party interest must be supported by contracts, agreements and clear payment documents to ensure transparency. This is not only the basis for accounting and auditing reports, but also important evidence in case the tax authority conducts an inspection or transfer pricing audit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strict compliance with the above principles not only helps businesses accurately account for interest on trading loans, but also protects tax benefits, optimizes financial costs and enhances reputation in the eyes of investors and management agencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_hach_toan_lai_vay_GDLK_trong_doanh_nghiep\"><\/span><b>Procedure for accounting for interest on long-term loans in enterprises<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To help businesses visualize more clearly, the process of accounting for related-party transaction interest can be summarized into specific steps. Each step plays an important role in ensuring transparency, legal compliance and cost optimization. The table below will summarize each stage in detail.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Board:<\/strong> Detailed summary of each stage of accounting for interest on long-term loans in the enterprise<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Step\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Implementation content\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Meaning<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>1\/ Identify the loan and transaction object\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clearly distinguish between loans from affiliates or independent parties.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only loans between related parties are subject to tax authorities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>2\/ Interest calculation<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on the interest rate agreed in the contract and compared with market interest rates.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure reasonable interest rates, avoid transfer pricing risks and eliminate costs.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>3\/ Accounting records<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record interest expense in the financial expense account and reflect the debt service obligation.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comply with accounting standards, avoid incorrect timing causing reporting discrepancies.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>4\/ Tax declaration<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Include the interest incurred in the related transaction records (according to Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP).<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demonstrate the legitimacy of expenses, reducing the risk of being adjusted by tax authorities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>5\/ Periodic control and review<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establish internal control mechanisms, apply support software, and regularly review loan contracts.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure transparent, reasonable and legally compliant processes.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, enterprises need to build a strict internal control mechanism, apply modern support tools and regularly review loan contracts to ensure the accuracy, transparency and reasonableness of the entire GDLK loan interest accounting process.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_tinh_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>How to calculate interest costs of related party transactions\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculating interest expense is an important step in the accounting process for interest on a loan, as it determines whether the expense is acceptable for tax deduction. As a general rule, interest expense should be determined based on the loan amount, market interest rate and actual loan term. Enterprises should compare the interest rate stated in the contract with the prevailing interest rate in the market, such as the average lending rate of commercial banks in the same period, to ensure that the recorded expense does not exceed the accepted standard.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_lieu_lai_suat_dang_tin_cay\"><\/span><b>Reliable interest rate data<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV), the new average lending interest rate is currently at about 6,231 TP3T\/year, about 0.7 percentage points lower than at the end of 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Source:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/vietnamlawmagazine.vn\/banking-sector-lower-lending-rates-74768.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Bank of Vietnam (SBV)<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In July 2025, the average lending interest rate among commercial banks was commonly at 6.5 - 8.91 TP3T\/year; the priority short-term lending interest rate was about 3.91 TP3T\/year; the USD lending interest rate fluctuated at 4.1 - 5.01 TP3T\/year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suppose Company A borrows from Company B (with an affiliated relationship) an amount of 20 billion VND in 1 year with an agreed interest rate of 8%\/year.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compared with the average market interest rate (about 6.231 TP3T\/year), only about 6.231 TP3T \u00d7 20 billion = 1.246 billion VND is accepted as a valid expense for tax deduction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The difference (8% \u2013 6.23%) \u00d7 20 billion = 0.354 billion VND will be excluded from valid expenses when calculating tax.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><b>Source: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/chinh-sach-phap-luat-moi\/vn\/ho-tro-phap-luat\/tai-chinh\/81092\/lai-suat-cho-vay-lai-suat-tien-gui-ngan-hang-moi-nhat-nam-2025?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bank loan interest rates<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This example clearly illustrates how a business needs to compare the contract interest rate with the market interest rate to determine the deductible cost, ensuring that the accounting for GDLK interest is both accurate and legal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_luu_y_va_rui_ro_khi_hach_toan_GDLK\"><\/span><b>Notes and risks when accounting for GDLK<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rui_ro_xac_dinh_sai_lai_suat_thi_truong\"><\/span><b>Risk of misidentifying market interest rates<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1964\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1964\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1964\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nhung-rui-ro-khi-hach-toan-GDLK.jpg\" alt=\"Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro khi h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n GDLK\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nhung-rui-ro-khi-hach-toan-GDLK.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nhung-rui-ro-khi-hach-toan-GDLK-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nhung-rui-ro-khi-hach-toan-GDLK-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nhung-rui-ro-khi-hach-toan-GDLK-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nhung-rui-ro-khi-hach-toan-GDLK-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1964\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Risks when accounting for trading transactions<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the interest rate in the linked loan contract is unusually high or low compared to the interest rates of commercial banks with the same term and credit risk level, the tax authority may adjust the interest expense.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This results in the expense being disallowed, and the business may be subject to back taxes and penalties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi_han_khau_tru_lai_vay_theo_quy_dinh\"><\/span><b>Limits on interest deductions as prescribed<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP, total net interest expense deductible usually does not exceed 30% EBITDA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The excess portion will be eliminated from tax calculation, but can be carried forward to subsequent years within the allowable limits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enterprises need to periodically reconcile &quot;accounting interest&quot; and &quot;tax-deductible interest&quot; to avoid large differences at the end of the year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nghia_vu_thue_doi_voi_khoan_vay_tu_ben_lien_ket_nuoc_ngoai\"><\/span><b>Tax obligations on loans from foreign affiliates<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enterprises must review their obligations to deduct contractor tax when paying interest abroad.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consider applying a Double Taxation Agreement to enjoy tax incentives (if eligible).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Missing tax residency documents, unclear loan agreements, or mismatched interest payment schedules can all result in expenses being disallowed at settlement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu_cau_ve_kiem_soat_noi_bo\"><\/span><b>Internal control requirements<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses should periodically review interest rates against the market.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check compliance with 30% EBITDA limit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standardize accounting processes to avoid the risk of cost exclusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Y_nghia\"><\/span><b>Meaning<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for interest on long-term debt is not only a technical accounting requirement but also linked to cost management strategy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By applying market standards and good internal control, businesses will limit the risk of being regulated or collected by tax authorities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><b>Conclude<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for GDLK interest is not just a bookkeeping procedure but a strategic management tool: if done correctly, it will help optimize capital costs, increase transparency in financial reporting and minimize the risk of being regulated by tax authorities; if done incorrectly, the enterprise may have to pay back taxes, fines and damage its reputation. Therefore, enterprises need to view accounting for related interest as an inter-departmental process, linked to financial policies, transfer pricing and risk management.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For specific advice, businesses <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Please contact MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\"><\/span><strong>Contact information <a href=\"https:\/\/man.net.vn\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Address: No. 19A, Street 43, Tan Thuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile \/ Zalo: 0903 963 163 \u2013 0903 428 622<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E-mail: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">man@man.net.vn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>Editorial Board: MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n l\u00e3i vay giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft (GDLK) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt thu\u1ebf, v\u1eeba t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i vay [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trung-tam-kien-thuc","category-huong-dan-thuc-hien"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=666"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2297,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/666\/revisions\/2297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}