{"id":656,"date":"2025-05-27T20:16:04","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T03:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/?p=656"},"modified":"2025-10-14T19:18:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T02:18:01","slug":"nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/","title":{"rendered":"Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP was issued to replace old regulations, laying the foundation for a transparent tax management mechanism, especially for enterprises with related-party transactions. Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP is not only a legal tool to limit transfer pricing and budget loss, but also a step forward in approaching international standards on tax management. However, implementation practice shows that there are still problems, especially regulations on controlling loan interest expenses and the obligation to declare information on related-party transactions. Therefore, reviewing and adjusting Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP becomes an urgent requirement in 2025 to both protect national interests and support the business community to develop sustainably.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Gioi_thieu_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\" >Introducing Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Pham_vi_va_doi_tuong_ap_dung_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\" >Scope and subjects of application of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Pham_vi_dieu_chinh_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\" >Scope of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Doi_tuong_ap_dung_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\" >Subjects of application of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Dinh_nghia_quan_he_lien_ket_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\" >Definition of affiliated relationship Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Nhung_truong_hop_thuong_gap\" >Common cases<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Quy_dinh_khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay_30_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\" >Regulations on controlling interest expenses (30%) Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP_co_che_chuyen_phan_chi_phi_lai_vay_khong_duoc_tru\" >Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP on the mechanism for transferring non-deductible interest expenses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Cac_truong_hop_duoc_mien_khong_ap_dung_khong_che_30\" >Exemptions (not subject to 30% control)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Bao_cao_loi_nhuan_lien_quoc_gia_CbCR\" >Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Thoi_diem_nop_bao_cao_loi_nhuan_lien_quoc_gia_khi_cong_ty_me_o_Viet_Nam\" >Time to submit cross-border profit report when parent company is in Vietnam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Thoi_diem_nop_bao_cao_loi_nhuan_lien_quoc_gia_khi_cong_ty_me_o_nuoc_ngoai\" >When to file cross-border profit reports when the parent company is abroad<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Hau_qua_phap_ly_neu_khong_tuan_thu\" >Legal consequences of non-compliance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Ket_luan\" >Conclude<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/nghi-dinh-132-2020-nd-cp\/#Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\" >Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi_thieu_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\"><\/span><b>Introducing Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP of the Government regulating tax management for enterprises<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">related party transactions. Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP was issued to update and perfect the legal framework for controlling transfer pricing in Vietnam towards approaching international standards.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(BEPS\/OECD), increasing transparency, tax fairness and limiting tax base erosion. Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP replaces previous regulations (such as Decree 20\/2017\/ND-CP, supplemented by Decree 68\/2020\/ND-CP).<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>See also:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Doanh-nghiep\/Nghi-dinh-68-2020-ND-CP-sua-doi-Nghi-dinh-20-2017-ND-CP-quan-ly-thue-doanh-nghiep-431368.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 68\/2020\/ND-CP<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Adjustment target<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The central objective of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP is to establish a clear and comprehensive legal framework for the management of transfer pricing. First of all, Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP requires that the determination of transaction prices must be based on economic substance rather than just legal form, ensuring that related-party transactions are fairly compared with independent transactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, enterprises are obliged to declare and store price determination records at three levels including global records (Master file), national records (Local file) and cross-country profit reporting (CbCR), in accordance with OECD recommendations. Another notable point is the regulation on the limit on deductibility of interest expenses, calculated based on the same indicator as EBITDA, to prevent capital shortages, the excess expenses are allowed to be transferred to the next tax periods, and there are exceptions to ensure fair policies. Finally, the decree also strengthens the authority and tools for tax authorities in risk analysis, tax assessment and inspection, and encourages enterprises to apply the APA mechanism (advance pricing agreement) to limit disputes and improve stability in tax compliance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pham_vi_va_doi_tuong_ap_dung_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\"><\/span><b>Scope and subjects of application of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pham_vi_dieu_chinh_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\"><\/span><b>Scope of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP provides comprehensive regulations on tax management for enterprises. <a href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/tong-quan-giao-dich-lien-ket-2025\/\">affiliate transactions<\/a>. The content covers from the principles of determining prices in transactions, the obligation to declare and keep records of price determination, to the responsibility to provide cross-border profit reports. At the same time, the decree also sets out a mechanism to control interest expenses and how to handle excess amounts, as well as clearly defines the powers and responsibilities of tax authorities in inspection, examination and tax assessment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doi_tuong_ap_dung_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\"><\/span><b>Subjects of application of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to regulations, Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP applies to:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000; height: 360px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 56px; text-align: center;\"><b>Regulations<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 56px; text-align: center;\"><b>Object<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 80px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 304px;\" rowspan=\"5\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 80px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production and business organizations in Vietnam that have transactions with related parties. Can be domestic enterprises or foreign-invested enterprises (FDI).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 56px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic enterprises owning 25% or more of capital contributions from other enterprises.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 56px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An enterprise that is controlled, operated, or financially dependent on another party.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 56px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enterprises are also subject to the control of a third party (e.g., parent company, corporation).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 56px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In case of borrowing capital, financial guarantees, and sharing of administrative resources exceeding the prescribed threshold<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The implementation of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP brings many practical benefits. For tax authorities, this is the basis for accurately determining tax obligations and limiting budget losses. For businesses, Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP both sets out transparency requirements and creates a clear legal corridor, helping them to be more proactive in building tax management strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_quan_he_lien_ket_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\"><\/span><b>Definition of affiliated relationship Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An affiliated relationship pursuant to Article 5 of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP is a relationship in which one party directly or indirectly participates in the management, control, capital contribution or investment in the other party, or both parties are subject to the management, control or capital contribution of a third party. The provisions of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP are the basis for identifying affiliated transactions and applying the market price principle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following are the most specific and common cases, illustrating each type of related-party transaction arising under Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP in business activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_truong_hop_thuong_gap\"><\/span><b>Common cases<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 1: Capital ownership linkage<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An enterprise is considered to be affiliated when one party holds (directly or indirectly) 25% of the other party&#039;s equity, or both parties have at least 25% of capital held by the same third party. In addition, if a shareholder is the largest shareholder and holds 10% of the enterprise&#039;s capital, an affiliated relationship is also formed. The 25% threshold is a consistent statutory threshold in Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Illustrative example: Two enterprises both have \u226525% of capital held by a third party<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company C has a charter capital of 200 billion VND, in which Company E contributes 60 billion VND (accounting for 30%).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company D has a charter capital of 150 billion VND, in which Company E contributes 50 billion VND (accounting for 33.31 TP3T).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although C and D do not directly contribute capital to each other, because they both have \u226525% of contributed capital owned by Company E, C and D have an affiliated relationship.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 2: Linking through sponsorship, loans, or guarantees<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A lender or guarantor of a loan in any form so that the total outstanding debt between the two parties is at least 25% of the borrower&#039;s equity and at the same time accounts for more than 50% of the borrower&#039;s total outstanding medium and long-term debt is considered to be associated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Suppose Company G has equity of 100 billion VND and has total medium and long-term debt of 80 billion VND. Of which, Company H lends G 30 billion VND, the remaining 50 billion VND is a loan from Bank K.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When compared with the threshold prescribed in Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP, the 30 billion loan from Company H accounts for 30% of G&#039;s equity (greater than 25%) and at the same time accounts for 37.5% of total medium and long-term debt. Because the loan meets both conditions, Company G and Company H are considered to have an affiliated relationship.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 3: Linking through personnel, decision-making power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If an enterprise appoints more than 50% members of the executive body, controls the other enterprise, or appoints a member with the right to decide on the financial policies and business operations of the other party, or both enterprises have more than 50% members of the executive body appointed by a third party, they are all affiliated. In addition, cases under actual management and control are also considered affiliated. From 2025, an enterprise&#039;s independent accounting branch will be clearly stated as an affiliated party of that enterprise itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company M has a Board of Directors of 5 members. Of these, Company N directly appointed 3 people. The appointment ratio accounts for 60%, exceeding the threshold of 50% as prescribed in Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP, so M and N are determined to have an affiliated relationship.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 4: Linked through family relationships<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two businesses are considered affiliated if they are operated\/controlled by individuals with close relationships. The goal is to prevent conflicts of interest and non-independent transactions due to personal influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Company X has a charter capital of 100 billion VND, in which Mr. Nguyen Van A owns 40% shares and holds the position of General Director.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company Y has a charter capital of 80 billion VND, Ms. Tran Thi B (Mr. A&#039;s wife) owns 35% shares and is also the Chairwoman of the Board of Directors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because Mr. A and Mrs. B have a marital relationship that falls under the group of close relationships clearly stipulated in Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP and Decree 20\/2025\/ND-CP, Company X and Company Y are considered affiliated enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 5: Link controlled by an individual<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enterprises are considered affiliated if they are controlled by the same individual through capital contribution or direct participation in management.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mr. Pham Van C is an individual investor:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At Company M (charter capital of 120 billion VND), Mr. C contributed 48 billion VND, accounting for 40% of capital and held the position of Chairman of the Board of Directors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At Company N (charter capital of 60 billion VND), Mr. C contributed 18 billion VND, accounting for 30% of capital and is also the Executive Director.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, although Company M and Company N do not directly cross-own capital with each other, both are under the actual control of Mr. C through the capital contribution ratio (\u226525%) and the right to manage and decide on financial and business policies in both enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 6: Links arising during the period due to transactions with managers and controlling shareholders<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When, in a tax period, an enterprise and an individual holding an executive position or controlling power (or their relatives) transfer or receive capital equivalent to 25% of equity, or borrow or lend at least 10% of equity at the time of the transaction, they are also considered to be associated in that period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After clearly understanding the concept of linkage and the scope of application of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP, an important content that businesses need to pay special attention to is the regulation on controlling loan interest expenses. This is considered a key point because it directly affects the ability to account for costs, optimize taxes and manage the financial management of the business.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_dinh_khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay_30_Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP\"><\/span><b>Regulations on controlling interest expenses (30%) Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal basis Clause 3, Article 16 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Doanh-nghiep\/Nghi-dinh-132-2020-ND-CP-quy-dinh-quan-ly-thue-doi-voi-doanh-nghiep-co-giao-dich-lien-ket-452218.aspx?anchor=dieu_16\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The total interest expense deductible when determining taxable income of an enterprise with related-party transactions does not exceed 30% of a standard indicator (equivalent to EBITDA according to the calculation method of the decree). Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP also clearly states that deposit interest and loan interest (if any) must be deducted before comparing with the 30% threshold.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1938\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1938\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1938\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-quy-dinh-khong-che-lai-vay-2.jpg\" alt=\"Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 132\/2020\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf l\u00e3i vay \" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-quy-dinh-khong-che-lai-vay-2.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-quy-dinh-khong-che-lai-vay-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-quy-dinh-khong-che-lai-vay-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-quy-dinh-khong-che-lai-vay-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-quy-dinh-khong-che-lai-vay-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1938\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP regulates loan interest control<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) Total interest expense after deducting deposit interest and loan interest arising during the period of the taxpayer that is deductible when determining taxable income for corporate income tax shall not exceed 30% of total net profit from business activities during the period plus interest expense after deducting deposit interest and loan interest arising during the period plus depreciation expense arising during the period of the taxpayer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2) The non-deductible interest expense portion under point (1) shall be transferred to the next tax period when determining the total deductible interest expense in case the total deductible interest expense incurred in the next tax period is lower than the level specified in point (1). The period for transferring the interest expense continuously shall not exceed 05 years from the year following the year in which the non-deductible interest expense arises;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3) The provisions in Point (1) do not apply to loans of taxpayers that are credit institutions according to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Tien-te-Ngan-hang\/Luat-cac-to-chuc-tin-dung-2010-108079.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Law on Credit Institutions 2010<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">insurance business organizations in accordance with the provisions of the law on insurance business; official development assistance (ODA) loans, preferential loans of the Government implemented in the form of the Government borrowing from abroad to lend to enterprises; loans to implement national target programs (new rural areas and sustainable poverty reduction programs), investment loans for programs and projects implementing the State&#039;s social welfare policies (resettlement housing, housing for workers, students, social housing and other public welfare projects),<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(4) Taxpayers declare the interest expense ratio in the tax period according to Appendix I issued herewith. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Doanh-nghiep\/Nghi-dinh-132-2020-ND-CP-quy-dinh-quan-ly-thue-doi-voi-doanh-nghiep-co-giao-dich-lien-ket-452218.aspx?anchor=dieu_16\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&quot;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>References:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Doanh-nghiep\/Nghi-dinh-132-2020-ND-CP-quy-dinh-quan-ly-thue-doi-voi-doanh-nghiep-co-giao-dich-lien-ket-452218.aspx?anchor=dieu_16\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law Library<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nghi_dinh_1322020ND-CP_co_che_chuyen_phan_chi_phi_lai_vay_khong_duoc_tru\"><\/span><b>Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP on the mechanism for transferring non-deductible interest expenses<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP stipulates that the portion of interest expense excluded from deductible expenses in a period due to exceeding the ceiling is not immediately deleted. This portion is allowed to be transferred to the following tax periods to be recorded as deductible expenses when the following periods meet the conditions (i.e. when in the next period the total deductible interest expense is lower than 30%\u00d7EBITDA of that period). The continuous transfer period is not more than 5 years from the year following the year in which the non-deductible interest expense arises.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_truong_hop_duoc_mien_khong_ap_dung_khong_che_30\"><\/span><b>Exemptions (not subject to 30% control)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP provides exceptions, i.e. loans and entities that do not fall under the 30% rule mentioned above. Common cases, according to Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP, include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loans of taxpayers are credit institutions (according to the Law on Credit Institutions) or insurance business organizations (according to the Law on Insurance Business).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Official development assistance (ODA) loans and preferential loans under the mechanism of the Government borrowing from abroad and then lending to enterprises.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preferential loans, capital of national target programs (for example: new rural programs, sustainable poverty reduction).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loans to invest in programs\/projects implementing the State&#039;s social welfare policies, for example: resettlement housing, worker housing, student housing, social housing and other public welfare projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bao_cao_loi_nhuan_lien_quoc_gia_CbCR\"><\/span><b>Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1940\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1940\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1940\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lap-bao-cao-loi-nhuan-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP.jpg\" alt=\"L\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 132\/2020\/N\u0110-CP\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lap-bao-cao-loi-nhuan-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lap-bao-cao-loi-nhuan-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lap-bao-cao-loi-nhuan-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lap-bao-cao-loi-nhuan-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lap-bao-cao-loi-nhuan-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1940\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prepare profit report according to Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CbCR is a group-level report that reflects the distribution of revenue, profit, tax and some key performance indicators (number of employees, tangible assets, etc.) by each country where the group operates. The objective of the report is to provide tax authorities with a global picture of the group to serve the assessment of transfer pricing risks, BEPS and support information exchange between tax authorities on the basis of OECD standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thoi_diem_nop_bao_cao_loi_nhuan_lien_quoc_gia_khi_cong_ty_me_o_Viet_Nam\"><\/span><b>Time to submit cross-border profit report when parent company is in Vietnam<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP: If the taxpayer is a parent company located in Vietnam and has a total consolidated global revenue in the tax period of VND 18,000 billion or more, the enterprise is obliged to prepare a Country-by-Country Profit Report. This report must be submitted to the Vietnamese tax authority within a maximum period of 12 months from the end of the fiscal year of the parent company.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thoi_diem_nop_bao_cao_loi_nhuan_lien_quoc_gia_khi_cong_ty_me_o_nuoc_ngoai\"><\/span><b>When to file cross-border profit reports when the parent company is abroad<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP stipulates the time for submitting profit reports when the parent company is abroad, divided into the following 2 cases:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is not mandatory to submit to the Vietnamese tax authorities in case the Vietnamese tax authorities can receive the country-by-country profit report through the automatic exchange of information (AEOI) mechanism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Case 2:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Must be paid if the following conditions apply:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The country or territory where the ultimate parent company is a resident has an international tax agreement with Vietnam but does not have an agreement from the competent authority at the time of the deadline for submitting the Report.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The country or territory where the ultimate parent company is a resident has an agreement between the competent authorities and Vietnam but has suspended the automatic information exchange mechanism or cannot automatically provide it to Vietnam.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In case a foreign corporation has more than 01 subsidiary in Vietnam. The ultimate parent company must notify the Vietnamese tax authority in writing about the subsidiary designated by the ultimate parent company to submit the Country-by-Country Report to the Vietnamese tax authority on behalf of the ultimate parent company.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hau_qua_phap_ly_neu_khong_tuan_thu\"><\/span><b>Legal consequences of non-compliance<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Failure to submit or late submission of appendices and reports as prescribed may be subject to administrative penalties, specifically as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1939\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1939\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Hau-qua-phap-ly-khong-tuan-thu-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP.jpg\" alt=\"H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 132\/2020\/N\u0110-CP\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Hau-qua-phap-ly-khong-tuan-thu-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Hau-qua-phap-ly-khong-tuan-thu-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Hau-qua-phap-ly-khong-tuan-thu-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Hau-qua-phap-ly-khong-tuan-thu-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Hau-qua-phap-ly-khong-tuan-thu-theo-Nghi-dinh-132_2020_ND-CP-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1939\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Legal consequences of non-compliance with Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warning penalty for tax declaration submission after the deadline from 01 day to 05 days with mitigating circumstances.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A fine of VND 2,000,000 to VND 5,000,000 shall be imposed for submitting tax declaration dossiers 01 to 30 days past the deadline, except for the case specified in Clause 1 of this Article.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Fines from VND 5,000,000 to VND 8,000,000 for submitting tax declarations 31 to 60 days past the prescribed deadline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A fine of from VND 8,000,000 to VND 15,000,000 shall be imposed for one of the following acts:<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a) Submitting tax declaration dossiers 61 to 90 days past the prescribed deadline;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b) Submitting tax declaration dossiers 91 days or more after the prescribed deadline but no tax payable arises;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c) Not submitting tax declaration but no tax payable arises;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d) Failure to submit appendices as prescribed on tax management for enterprises with related transactions attached to corporate income tax settlement dossiers<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i>&quot;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote><p><b>References: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/hoi-dap-phap-luat\/83A83CF-hd-muc-phat-khong-nop-phu-luc-giao-dich-lien-ket-bao-nhieu.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law Library<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP is not only a legal document, but also an important framework that shapes the way taxes are managed for related-party transactions in Vietnam. Regulations on declaration, control of interest expenses, or the obligation to prepare cross-border profit reports all aim at transparency, fairness and preventing budget losses.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><b>Conclude<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP is an important legal framework in tax management for related-party transactions, helping to prevent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/man.net.vn\/dich-vu-chuyen-gia\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transfer pricing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and ensure fairness among businesses. Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP not only enhances transparency but also creates a safe corridor for businesses to build effective tax management strategies. In the context of international integration, compliance with Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP is the key for businesses to develop sustainably and limit legal risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For specific advice, businesses please contact MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\"><\/span><strong>Contact information <a href=\"https:\/\/man.net.vn\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Address: No. 19A, Street 43, Binh Thuan Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile\/zalo:+84 (0) 903 963 163 or +84 (0) 903 428 622<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Email: man@man.net.vn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>Editorial Board: MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 132\/2020\/N\u0110-CP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thu\u1ebf minh b\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 132\/2020\/N\u0110-CP kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1, th\u1ea5t thu ng\u00e2n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11],"tags":[46,47,45],"class_list":["post-656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trung-tam-kien-thuc","category-khung-phap-ly","tag-ke-khai-thue-tndn","tag-muc-phat-vi-pham-va-giai-phap-tuan-thu-cho-doanh-nghiep","tag-nghi-dinh-20-2025-nd-cp-quy-dinh-moi-ve-giao-dich-lien-ket"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=656"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2291,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656\/revisions\/2291"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}