{"id":3616,"date":"2026-03-27T03:01:30","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T10:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/?p=3616"},"modified":"2026-03-27T03:01:30","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T10:01:30","slug":"quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/","title":{"rendered":"Relationships when borrowing money from a director: A detailed guide."},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In current corporate governance, it is common practice for directors or executives to lend money to the company to supplement working capital. However, from a legal and tax risk management perspective, especially under the strict regulations at <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Doanh-nghiep\/Nghi-dinh-132-2020-ND-CP-quy-dinh-quan-ly-thue-doi-voi-doanh-nghiep-co-giao-dich-lien-ket-452218.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">,<\/span><\/strong> This type of transaction carries significant risks of tax assessment if the business does not correctly identify the nature of the related-party relationship when borrowing money from its director. This article will analyze in detail the conditions, consequences, and practical cases to help businesses comply with regulations in the 2026 tax year.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Ban_chat_phap_ly_cua_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >The legal nature of the affiliation when borrowing money from the director.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Dieu_kien_xac_dinh_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_Giam_doc_theo_luat_dinh\" >Conditions for determining the affiliation when borrowing money from a Director as stipulated by law.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Phan_tich_sau_ve_Von_gop_cua_chu_so_huu_trong_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >In-depth analysis of owner&#039;s equity in a joint venture when borrowing money from a director.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Thoi_diem_xac_dinh_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >The timing for determining the affiliation when borrowing money from the director.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Cac_truong_hop_cu_the_vay_tien_giam_doc_hinh_thanh_quan_he_lien_ket\" >Specific cases of directors borrowing money and forming partnerships.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Truong_hop_1_Giam_doc_so_huu_tren_25_von_gop\" >Case 1: The director owns more than 25% of contributed capital.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Truong_hop_2_Khoan_vay_tu_Giam_doc_thue_vuot_nguong_10_von_gop\" >Case 2: Loans from the hired director exceed the 10% capital contribution threshold.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Truong_hop_3_Quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc_thong_qua_nguoi_than\" >Case 3: Relationship when borrowing money from a director through a relative.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Cac_truong_hop_khong_phai_la_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >Cases where borrowing money from a director is not considered a related-party relationship.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Truong_hop_1_Khoan_vay_co_gia_tri_thap\" >Case 1: Low loan amount<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Truong_hop_2_Vay_tu_ca_nhan_khong_co_quyen_dieu_hanh\" >Case 2: Borrowing from individuals who do not have management rights.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Truong_hop_3_Muon_tien_hoan_tra_trong_ngay\" >Case 3: Borrow money and repay it on the same day.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#He_luy_thue_va_quy_tac_EBITDA_30_khi_co_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >Tax implications and EBITDA 30% rules when dealing with related parties and borrowing from directors.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay\" >Control interest costs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Rui_ro_tu_viec_vay_tien_khong_lai_suat_trong_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >Risks from borrowing interest-free money in a related-party relationship when borrowing from a director.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Vi_du_thuc_te_ve_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >A practical example of a relationship when borrowing money from a director.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Ho_so_minh_chung_va_cach_thuc_ke_khai_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\" >Documentation and procedures for declaring affiliated relationships when borrowing money from a director.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Chien_luoc_quan_tri_rui_ro_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc_nam_2026\" >Relationship risk management strategy when borrowing money from executives in 2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Ket_luan\" >Conclude<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc\/#Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\" >Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ban_chat_phap_ly_cua_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>The legal nature of the affiliation when borrowing money from the director.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To understand the relationship between borrowing money from executives, it is first necessary to distinguish between two core concepts in modern tax management:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Related parties: These are parties with a relationship falling under the cases stipulated in Article 5 of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP. This relationship may be formed through ownership of capital, management rights, or direct or indirect control over each other. In particular, the relationship when a director borrows money often falls under the category of affiliation through management rights and the debt-to-equity ratio.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Related-party transactions: These are transactions arising between parties that have been identified as having a related-party relationship. When a related-party relationship arises, such as when borrowing money from a director, all borrowed or disbursed funds must be compared against market prices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When a business incurs a loan from an individual leader, the tax authorities will not only look at whether or not there is interest. Instead, they will consider whether that individual has the right to manage and control the business, and whether the loan exceeds the capital contribution threshold to accurately determine the relationship when the director borrows money.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_kien_xac_dinh_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_Giam_doc_theo_luat_dinh\"><\/span><b>Conditions for determining the affiliation when borrowing money from a Director as stipulated by law.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3620\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3620\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3620\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Dieu-kien-xac-dinh-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-Giam-doc-theo-luat-dinh.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft khi vay ti\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Dieu-kien-xac-dinh-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-Giam-doc-theo-luat-dinh.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Dieu-kien-xac-dinh-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-Giam-doc-theo-luat-dinh-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Dieu-kien-xac-dinh-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-Giam-doc-theo-luat-dinh-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Dieu-kien-xac-dinh-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-Giam-doc-theo-luat-dinh-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Dieu-kien-xac-dinh-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-Giam-doc-theo-luat-dinh-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3620\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conditions for determining the affiliation when borrowing money from a Director as stipulated by law.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on Point l, Clause 2, Article 5 of Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP, a business and its managing individual (Director, General Director) are considered to have an affiliated relationship if they simultaneously satisfy two factors: the subject and the quantity of the loan. This is key to identifying an affiliated relationship when a director borrows money.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lender: The individual lender must be the operator or controller of the business (usually the legal representative or the person with the highest financial decision-making authority).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quantitative: The business borrows from this individual with a value at least equal to 10% of the owner&#039;s equity at the time the transaction occurs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_tich_sau_ve_Von_gop_cua_chu_so_huu_trong_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>In-depth analysis of owner&#039;s equity in a joint venture when borrowing money from a director.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is important to note that the owner&#039;s contributed capital here refers to the actual capital recorded on the balance sheet, not the &quot;fictitious&quot; registered capital stated on the business license. If a business has not contributed the full amount of capital but still incurs a loan, the risk of having all interest expenses disallowed due to insufficient capital contribution is very high, and it will still be considered an affiliated company when borrowing money from the director.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thoi_diem_xac_dinh_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>The timing for determining the affiliation when borrowing money from the director.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The relationship between the company and the director when borrowing money is determined at the time the transaction occurs. If, at any point during the year, the loan balance exceeds the 10% threshold of equity, the company officially enters into a related-party transaction. Reducing the outstanding debt to below 10% at the end of the year does not negate the nature of the related-party relationship that arose earlier in the period.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_truong_hop_cu_the_vay_tien_giam_doc_hinh_thanh_quan_he_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>Specific cases of directors borrowing money and forming partnerships.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3619\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3619\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3619\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Cac-truong-hop-la-quan-he-lien-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft khi vay ti\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Cac-truong-hop-la-quan-he-lien-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Cac-truong-hop-la-quan-he-lien-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Cac-truong-hop-la-quan-he-lien-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Cac-truong-hop-la-quan-he-lien-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Cac-truong-hop-la-quan-he-lien-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3619\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">These cases involve related parties when borrowing money from the director.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below are typical scenarios that accountants and business owners need to pay special attention to in order to accurately declare the affiliated relationship when borrowing money from the director:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_1_Giam_doc_so_huu_tren_25_von_gop\"><\/span><b>Case 1: The director owns more than 25% of contributed capital.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suppose Mr. A is the Director and also owns 30% of the registered capital of Company X. In this case, a related-party relationship exists between Mr. A and the company based on their capital ownership ratio. Therefore, regardless of how much money Mr. A lends to the company (even if it&#039;s just a temporary loan of a few million dong), this is still considered a related-party relationship when borrowing money from the director.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_2_Khoan_vay_tu_Giam_doc_thue_vuot_nguong_10_von_gop\"><\/span><b>Case 2: Loans from the hired director exceed the 10% capital contribution threshold.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the most controversial situation. Mr. B is a hired director (not a shareholder). The company&#039;s paid-up capital is 10 billion VND. During the year, due to an urgent need for cash to pay salaries, Mr. B lent the company 1.2 billion VND. At that time:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The debt-to-equity ratio is 12%. By law, this constitutes a related-party relationship when the director borrows money. The company is required to comply with regulations regarding the declaration of related-party transaction prices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_3_Quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc_thong_qua_nguoi_than\"><\/span><b>Case 3: Relationship when borrowing money from a director through a relative.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP expands the scope to include individuals with blood or marital relationships. If a company borrows money from the director&#039;s wife or son, and that loan meets the 10% equity threshold, the tax authorities will still determine it as an affiliated relationship when the director borrows money through an intermediary related party.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_truong_hop_khong_phai_la_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>Cases where borrowing money from a director is not considered a related-party relationship.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To avoid misunderstandings and excessive pressure on businesses, it is necessary to clarify the cases that do not constitute a related-party relationship when a director borrows money:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_1_Khoan_vay_co_gia_tri_thap\"><\/span><b>Case 1: Low loan amount<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suppose the company&#039;s equity is VND 20 billion, and the director lends VND 1.5 billion (representing 7.51 TP3T). If this director holds less than 251 TP3T of shares, then this transaction is not quantitative enough to be considered an affiliated company when borrowing money from the director.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_2_Vay_tu_ca_nhan_khong_co_quyen_dieu_hanh\"><\/span><b>Case 2: Borrowing from individuals who do not have management rights.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A shareholder who lends money but does not hold a management position (Director, Chief Accountant, Board Member) and does not own more than 25% of capital typically does not have an affiliated relationship when borrowing money from a director.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_3_Muon_tien_hoan_tra_trong_ngay\"><\/span><b>Case 3: Borrow money and repay it on the same day.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In practice, tax inspectors often overlook extremely short-term temporary loans if they do not alter the fundamental financial nature of the business and do not create a long-term capital appropriation relationship when the director borrows money.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_luy_thue_va_quy_tac_EBITDA_30_khi_co_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>Tax implications and EBITDA 30% rules when dealing with related parties and borrowing from directors.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3618\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3618\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3618\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/He-luy-thue-va-quy-tac-EBITDA-khi-co-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc.jpg\" alt=\"H\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc EBITDA khi c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft khi vay ti\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/He-luy-thue-va-quy-tac-EBITDA-khi-co-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/He-luy-thue-va-quy-tac-EBITDA-khi-co-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/He-luy-thue-va-quy-tac-EBITDA-khi-co-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/He-luy-thue-va-quy-tac-EBITDA-khi-co-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/He-luy-thue-va-quy-tac-EBITDA-khi-co-quan-he-lien-ket-khi-vay-tien-giam-doc-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3618\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tax implications and EBITDA rules when dealing with related parties and borrowing from directors.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifying the correct financial relationship when borrowing money from a director is an extremely important step because it directly affects the company&#039;s finances through corporate income tax settlement.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay\"><\/span><b>Control interest costs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once a related party relationship exists when borrowing money from the director, the total interest expense deductible for corporate income tax purposes will be capped at 30% EBITDA.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any interest expense exceeding the 30% limit resulting from related-party transactions when borrowing funds from the director will be excluded from deductible expenses in that same fiscal year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This causes significant damage to businesses that are in the investment phase, operating at a loss, or have low profit margins, but have formed affiliated relationships when borrowing money from directors at high interest rates.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rui_ro_tu_viec_vay_tien_khong_lai_suat_trong_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>Risks from borrowing interest-free money in a related-party relationship when borrowing from a director.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many business owners mistakenly believe that borrowing money at interest rates is safe. However, if a related-party relationship is established when borrowing money from the director, the tax authorities have the right to determine the income of the individual lender based on market interest rates (usually using commercial bank lending rates as a benchmark). The consequence is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Director was ordered to pay back personal income tax (5%) on the assessed profit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses are not allowed to include this fixed interest rate as an expense (because it is not actually paid), but they are required to explain the affiliated relationship when borrowing money from an opaque director.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_thuc_te_ve_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>A practical example of a relationship when borrowing money from a director.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To illustrate the importance of identifying affiliated relationships when borrowing money from directors, consider the case of X Mechanical Company Limited:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actual contributed capital: 2,000,000,000 VND.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Director: Mr. A (Owns 5% capital and is the direct manager).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loan from Mr. A: 500,000,000 VND (Interest rate 10%\/year).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Profit before tax: 100,000,000 VND.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depreciation: 50,000,000 VND.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax risk analysis:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining the relationship: Loan ratio = 500 million \/ 2 billion = 25% (&gt; 10%). This is precisely the relationship when borrowing money from the director.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest accrued: 500 million * 10% = 50,000,000 VND.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculate EBITDA: EBITDA = 100 million VND (Profit) + 50 million VND (Interest Expense) + 50 million VND (Depreciation) = 200,000,000 VND.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maximum interest deduction: 200 million * 30% = 60,000,000 VND.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this case, the 50 million interest expense is still below the 60 million threshold and can therefore be fully deducted. However, if the company incurs losses (negative EBITDA), the entire 50 million interest expense from the related-party relationship when borrowing money from the director will be completely eliminated. Simultaneously, Company X must pay... <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/phu-luc-giao-dich-lien-ket\/\">Related Party Transaction Appendix<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Otherwise, you will face very heavy penalties for late submission or incorrect documentation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho_so_minh_chung_va_cach_thuc_ke_khai_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc\"><\/span><b>Documentation and procedures for declaring affiliated relationships when borrowing money from a director.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2026, tax authorities will apply AI technology to reconcile cash flows, therefore, preparing documentation for related-party transactions when borrowing money from directors requires extreme care. Due to the complexity of these types of documents, many businesses have sought professional assistance. <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/don-vi-tu-van-giao-dich-lien-ket\/\">related party transaction advisory unit<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reputable to ensure legal compliance.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loan agreement: The purpose of the loan must be clearly specified (supplementing working capital, purchasing machinery, etc.) to demonstrate the legitimacy of the loan when the director borrows money from a related party.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bank documents: Bank transfers are absolutely recommended. Using cash for large loans in related-party transactions, such as borrowing money from a director, can easily be considered a fictitious transaction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Declare Appendix I according to Decree 132: This is a mandatory obligation. Omitting to declare related-party relationships when borrowing money from the director is often the first mistake that leads to a business being placed on the list of priority inspections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer pricing documentation: If total revenue exceeds VND 50 billion, businesses should consult...<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/dich-vu-tu-van-giao-dich-lien-ket\/\"> related party transaction advisory services<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Professionals should protect the current interest rate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chien_luoc_quan_tri_rui_ro_quan_he_lien_ket_khi_vay_tien_giam_doc_nam_2026\"><\/span><b>Relationship risk management strategy when borrowing money from executives in 2026<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the perspective of tax consultants, MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network offers the following recommendations to help businesses avoid being overwhelmed by the regulations on related-party relationships under Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regular review: Accountants need to check the balance of personal loans every quarter. If they see that the balance is approaching the 10% equity threshold, they need to report to management to adjust cash flow and avoid falling into the trap of affiliated relationships when borrowing money from directors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prioritize capital contribution: Instead of maintaining a long-term, large-scale loan relationship with the director, proceed with increasing the registered capital. Increasing capital avoids the burden of interest expenses and helps improve the company&#039;s financial health.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establish a benchmark interest rate framework: Always reference the interest rates of at least three local commercial banks when signing loan agreements to have a basis for justifying that the interest rate in the inter-bank lending relationship is in line with market rates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Staff training: Ensure the accounting department is familiar with Decree 132. Mistakes in identifying related party relationships when borrowing money from directors often lead to long-term financial consequences. Businesses may consider...<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/thue-tu-van-giao-dich-lien-ket\/\"> hire a consultant for related party transactions.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To review all personal financial transactions for the year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimization<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-tu-van-giao-dich-lien-ket\/\"> related party transaction advisory fees<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It&#039;s a worthwhile investment compared to the huge fines and back taxes that can result from errors in filing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><b>Conclude<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding and accurately applying regulations regarding related-party relationships when directors borrow money is a mandatory requirement for all businesses in the era of tax information transparency. Decree 132\/2020\/ND-CP does not aim to prohibit borrowing from executives, but it establishes fair rules to prevent transfer pricing and tax evasion. By proactively identifying signs of related-party relationships when directors borrow money, businesses will be more stable in their financial reporting periods and ensure sustainable development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/lien-he\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Contact<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Contact MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network for advice and support!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\"><\/span><b>Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Address: No. 19A, Street 43, Tan Thuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile\/Zalo: 0903 963 163 \u2013 0903 428 622<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Email: man@man.net.vn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Content is moderated by:<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/man.net.vn\/le-hoang-tuyen\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> Mr. Le Hoang Tuyen<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Founder &amp; CEO of Man, CPA Vietnam Auditor with over 30 years of experience in Accounting, Auditing and Financial Consulting.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng ty vay ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ed1n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro thu\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3616"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3621,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3616\/revisions\/3621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}