{"id":2488,"date":"2026-09-04T14:00:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T07:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/?p=2488"},"modified":"2026-09-04T15:39:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T08:39:35","slug":"chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/","title":{"rendered":"Interest expense on related-party transactions: Regulations and calculation methods according to Decree 255."},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest expense related to related-party transactions is currently one of the &quot;hot topics&quot; causing many businesses to be subject to back taxes of tens to hundreds of billions of VND on corporate income tax after just one inspection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In reality, many businesses still apply market interest rates and have complete documentation, but are still disqualified from claiming interest expenses simply because they exceed the 30% EBITDA threshold. <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Doanh-nghiep\/Nghi-dinh-255-2026-ND-CP-quan-ly-thue-giao-dich-lien-ket-cua-doanh-nghiep-co-quan-he-lien-ket-713416.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Decree 255\/2026\/ND-CP<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-theo-nghi-dinh-132\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Even in the case of negative EBITDA, all interest expense is excluded.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So what are related-party transaction interest expenses, why are they subject to strict control, how is the standard 30% EBITDA calculation done according to tax regulations, and most importantly, how can they be legally optimized to avoid tax audits and assessments?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article will help you:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the true nature of related-party transaction interest expenses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understand the rules for controlling 30% EBITDA according to Decree 255.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid common mistakes that cause businesses to have interest expense disallowed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Implement optimal strategies that are safe, legal, and immediately deployable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_la_gi\" >What is interest expense on related-party transactions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Tai_sao_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_lai_bi_kiem_soat_chat_che\" >Why are interest expenses related to related-party transactions subject to such strict controls?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Goc_nhin_cua_co_quan_thue_ve_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >The tax authority&#039;s perspective on related-party interest expense.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Co_hoi_va_Rui_ro_vay_von_trong_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >Opportunities and Risks in Borrowing in Related-Party Transactions\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Quy_dinh_hien_hanh_ve_khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay\" >Current regulations on limiting interest expense.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Pham_vi_ap_dung\" >Scope of application<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Co_che_khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay_Nguong_30_EBITDA\" >Interest expense control mechanism: 30% EBITDA threshold\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Chi_phi_lai_vay_khong_duoc_tru_duoc_xac_dinh_nhu_the_nao\" >How are non-deductible interest expenses determined?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Cac_truong_hop_khong_ap_dung_co_che_khong_che_lai_vay\" >Cases where the interest rate cap mechanism does not apply<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Dieu_gi_xay_ra_khi_doanh_nghiep_bi_loai_tru_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >What happens when a business is disqualified from deducting interest expenses related to related-party transactions?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Huong_dan_chi_tiet_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_Tinh_toan_va_ung_dung\" >Detailed guide to related-party transaction interest expense: Calculation and application<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Quy_trinh_tinh_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_duoc_tru\" >Procedure for calculating deductible interest expense on related-party transactions.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Vi_du_minh_hoa_truong_hop_EBITDA_duong\" >Example illustrating a positive EBITDA scenario.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Truong_hop_dac_biet_EBITDA_am_loai_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >Special case: Negative EBITDA excluding interest expense from related-party transactions.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Khi_EBITDA_am_Nguong_khong_che_se_nhu_the_nao\" >When EBITDA is negative, what will the control threshold be?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Vi_du_minh_hoa_chi_tiet_vo_EBITDA_am\" >Detailed illustration with negative EBITDA<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Chien_luoc_toi_uu_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >Strategies for optimizing interest costs on related-party transactions.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Lap_ke_hoach_von_va_EBITDA_thong_minh\" >Smart Capital and EBITDA Planning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Da_dang_hoa_nguon_von_va_vay_tu_Ben_doc_lap\" >Diversify funding sources and borrow from independent parties<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Tuan_thu_Ho_so_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >Compliance with the Affiliate Transaction Profile<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Thuong_xuyen_thuc_hien_ra_soat\" >Regularly conduct reviews<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Chien_luoc_ngan_han_trong_nam_tai_chinh\" >Short-term strategy (for the fiscal year)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Chien_luong_trung_han_tu_01_%E2%80%93_03_nam\" >Medium-term strategy (1-3 years)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Chien_luoc_dai_han_cau_truc_tap_doan\" >Long-term strategy (corporate structure)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Ket_luan\" >Conclude<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\" >Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\" >Frequently Asked Questions about Related-Party Loan Interest Expense<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Chi_phi_lai_vay_rong_NIE_la_gi\" >What is net interest expense (NIE)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Neu_vuot_nguong_30_EBITDA_thi_sao\" >What happens if EBITDA exceeds the 30% threshold?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#EBITDA_am_co_duoc_tru_chi_phi_lai_vay_khong\" >Can negative EBITDA be used to deduct interest expense?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket\/#Lai_suat_vay_giua_cac_ben_lien_ket_bao_nhieu_la_hop_ly\" >What is a reasonable interest rate for inter-party lending?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_la_gi\"><\/span><b>What is interest expense on related-party transactions?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest expense related to related-party transactions is an expense arising from loans between related parties (between a parent company and a subsidiary, companies within the same group, or parties with controlling power over each other).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest expense on related-party transactions includes not only loans from the parent company abroad, but also:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intercompany loans within the same domestic group.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Borrowing from individuals who control businesses<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indirect borrowing through guarantees, but essentially internal capital.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tax authorities don&#039;t look at the form of the contract, but at the essence of capital control.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is why many businesses are surprised to be classified as related-party transactions even though they did not borrow directly from the parent company.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is not a loan from a bank or an independent third party, but rather internal borrowing within the group. The interest expense is calculated based on the interest rate agreed upon by the related parties, but must adhere to the arm&#039;s length principle, meaning the interest rate cannot be excessively high or low compared to market rates, to avoid profit shifting aimed at reducing corporate income tax.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With roles and risks:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial flexibility: Helps subsidiaries or member companies in the group easily access capital without depending on banks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimize cost of capital: Can set reasonable interest rates, reduce overall financial costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax risk: If interest expense exceeds 30% EBITDA or the interest rate is unreasonable, the tax authority may exclude interest expense when calculating corporate income tax, leading to an increase in tax payable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In short, related-party transaction interest expense is a powerful financial tool, but it also carries significant risks if not properly managed and optimized.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_sao_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_lai_bi_kiem_soat_chat_che\"><\/span><b>Why are interest expenses related to related-party transactions subject to such strict controls?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4196\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4196\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4196\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ly-do-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-lai-bi-kiem-soat-chat-che.jpg\" alt=\"L\u00fd do chi ph\u00ed l\u00e3i vay giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ly-do-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-lai-bi-kiem-soat-chat-che.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ly-do-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-lai-bi-kiem-soat-chat-che-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ly-do-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-lai-bi-kiem-soat-chat-che-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ly-do-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-lai-bi-kiem-soat-chat-che-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Ly-do-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-lai-bi-kiem-soat-chat-che-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4196\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The reason why interest expenses on related-party transactions are so tightly controlled.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The primary objective of controlling related-party transaction interest expenses is to prevent transfer pricing. Specifically, related parties may intentionally manipulate the purchase and sale prices of goods and services, or internal loan interest rates, to shift profits from high-tax jurisdictions to low-tax jurisdictions, thereby reducing their tax obligations in Vietnam.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By setting higher-than-market interest rates for internal loans, businesses can easily increase expenses in Vietnam (reducing taxable profits) and transfer money abroad as interest income (which is taxed abroad or exempted under tax agreements). Therefore, regulations regarding... <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-theo-nghi-dinh-132\/\">controlling interest expense <\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was created to prevent this behavior.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Goc_nhin_cua_co_quan_thue_ve_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>The tax authority&#039;s perspective on related-party interest expense.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the tax authority&#039;s perspective, interest expense is not simply a financial expense, but rather:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A tool for manipulating profits quickly and discreetly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No complicated input invoices are required.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#039;s easy to increase costs simply by adjusting interest rates or loan sizes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Therefore, the 30% EBITDA rule is designed as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A quantitative barrier (easy to test, easy to apply)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No proof of transfer pricing is required; exceeding the threshold will result in disqualification.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even with market-correct interest rates, interest expenses can still be excluded.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_hoi_va_Rui_ro_vay_von_trong_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>Opportunities and Risks in Borrowing in Related-Party Transactions\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest expense related to inter-party transactions, arising from borrowing between related parties, offers several benefits:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flexible: Easy to transfer capital within the group.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest rates may be set lower than market rates to support the subsidiary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimization: Utilizing borrowed capital can optimize the financial structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the potential risks are enormous:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest rate risk: The loan must comply with the arm&#039;s length principle, meaning the interest rate must be equivalent to that of a bank loan or independent party. If the interest rate is too high, the interest expense may be adjusted downward by the tax authorities according to the Arm&#039;s Length rule.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk of EBITDA control: Even if the interest rate is the market rate, if the total net interest expense exceeds Net Operating Profit plus interest expense and depreciation (EBITDA), the excess will be disallowed as a deductible expense.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding how to classify related-party transaction interest expenses under the 30% threshold is key to ensuring compliance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses should proactively seek out <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/tu-van-khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-nghi-dinh-255\/\">Consulting services for controlling interest expense 255<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Seek support and protection of your financial interests from professional and experienced organizations like MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_dinh_hien_hanh_ve_khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay\"><\/span><b>Current regulations on limiting interest expense.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4197\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4197\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4197\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Quy-dinh-hien-hanh-ve-khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket.jpg\" alt=\"Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed l\u00e3i vay giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Quy-dinh-hien-hanh-ve-khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Quy-dinh-hien-hanh-ve-khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Quy-dinh-hien-hanh-ve-khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Quy-dinh-hien-hanh-ve-khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Quy-dinh-hien-hanh-ve-khong-che-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4197\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Current regulations on limiting interest expense for related-party transactions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most comprehensive and direct regulation governing the management of interest expense in related-party transactions is Decree No. 132\/2020\/ND-CP.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pham_vi_ap_dung\"><\/span><b>Scope of application<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 16, Decree No. 132\/2020\/ND-CP dated November 5, 2020 of the Government regulating tax management for enterprises with related-party transactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scope of application of this regulation on controlling interest expenses is very broad, including all enterprises with related transactions, regardless of size or business sector, if interest expenses arise.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_che_khong_che_chi_phi_lai_vay_Nguong_30_EBITDA\"><\/span><b>Interest expense control mechanism: 30% EBITDA threshold<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clause 3 of Article 16 of Decree 255\/2026\/ND-CP stipulates as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The total interest expense after deducting interest on deposits and loans incurred during the period is deductible when determining taxable income for corporate income tax purposes, provided it does not exceed the total net profit from business operations during the period plus interest expense after deducting interest on deposits and loans incurred during the period plus depreciation expense incurred during the period of the taxpayer. The regulations also specify certain cases where this provision does not apply.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regardless of how much interest expense related to transactions a business incurs, the tax authorities will only accept a portion of that expense that falls within a safe threshold.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_phi_lai_vay_khong_duoc_tru_duoc_xac_dinh_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><b>How are non-deductible interest expenses determined?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-deductible interest expense in related-party transactions is the portion of total interest expense after deducting interest on deposits and loans incurred during the period that exceeds the amount of total net profit from business operations plus net interest expense plus depreciation expense incurred during the period. This can be rewritten as a practical formula:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Net interest expense = Interest expense incurred during the period \u2013 (Interest on deposits + Interest expense on loans incurred during the period)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To calculate the 30% threshold, accurately determining EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization) from a tax perspective is crucial. EBITDA in related-party transactions is not entirely the same as EBITDA according to standard accounting practices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EBITDA is calculated as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EBITDA = Net profit from business operations + Interest expense + Depreciation expense<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deduction threshold:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deduction threshold = 30% x Taxable EBITDA<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Non-deductible portion:<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-deductible portion = Net interest expense \u2013 Deductible threshold<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses need to pay attention to each component:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To accurately determine deductible interest expense on related-party transactions, it is first necessary to understand the components of EBITDA under corporate income tax. The three key factors are: Net profit from business operations, Net interest expense, and Depreciation expense. Below is a summary table of factors affecting interest expense on related-party transactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<caption><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Summary table of factors affecting interest expense for related-party transactions.<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Indicators<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Define\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Note<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Profit from business operations.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is the profit indicator from business activities on the Business Performance Report.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This profit does not include other income.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest expense\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total interest expense incurred during the period, serving production and business activities (including related and independent transactions).<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exclude: Interest income, loan interest and calculate on the basis of Net Interest Expense.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depreciation Expense<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total depreciation costs of fixed assets, intangible assets and allocation costs included in production and business costs in the period.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the components in the table above is a fundamental step in calculating EBITDA for corporate income tax purposes and determining the maximum deductible interest expense for related-party transactions, thereby avoiding the risk of disallowance of interest expense deductions or tax arrears.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_truong_hop_khong_ap_dung_co_che_khong_che_lai_vay\"><\/span><b>Cases where the interest rate cap mechanism does not apply<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 30% EBITDA control does not apply to all businesses. Specifically, the following cases are excluded:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses without related-party transactions: If a business does not have any related-party transactions during the period, this interest expense limitation mechanism will not apply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loans that are not related party transactions: If interest expenses arise from loans from credit institutions, banks (independent parties), or from parties that are not related parties, these interest expenses will not be controlled under the 30% EBITDA rule.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specialized businesses: Businesses such as public service units, businesses operating in specialized fields (securities, insurance, etc.) with their own regulations or as stipulated in Decree 255\/2026\/ND-CP are exempt.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In summary, if a business has interest expense related to related-party transactions, it must perform calculations according to the 30% EBITDA threshold.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_gi_xay_ra_khi_doanh_nghiep_bi_loai_tru_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>What happens when a business is disqualified from deducting interest expenses related to related-party transactions?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The deductible interest expense will increase the taxable income of the enterprise, thereby increasing the amount of tax payable. This directly affects the net profit of the company. In addition, non-compliance can lead to the risk of being sanctioned for tax violations during the tax inspection and examination process later. This is the biggest concern that the accounting and finance department of enterprises often faces.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong_dan_chi_tiet_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_Tinh_toan_va_ung_dung\"><\/span><b>Detailed guide to related-party transaction interest expense: Calculation and application<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4198\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4198\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4198\" src=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Huong-dan-chi-tiet-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft chi ph\u00ed l\u00e3i vay giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Huong-dan-chi-tiet-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Huong-dan-chi-tiet-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Huong-dan-chi-tiet-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Huong-dan-chi-tiet-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Huong-dan-chi-tiet-chi-phi-lai-vay-giao-dich-lien-ket-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4198\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detailed guide to interest expense on related-party transactions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculating deductible interest expenses on related-party transactions requires meticulous attention to detail and a thorough understanding of the nature of the financial indicators as stipulated in Decree 255\/2026\/ND-CP.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_tinh_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket_duoc_tru\"><\/span><b>Procedure for calculating deductible interest expense on related-party transactions.\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To accurately determine deductible interest expenses in related-party transactions, businesses need to follow the calculation process outlined in Decree 255\/2020\/ND-CP. This process involves several consecutive steps, from determining net interest expense to calculating taxable EBITDA and comparing it to the 30% threshold.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The table below clearly outlines all the steps, making it easy for businesses to compare and apply to actual data.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<caption><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Table of procedures for determining deductible interest expense on related-party transactions.<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Steps to take<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Content<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Recipe<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Step 1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculate Net Interest Expense (NIE)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NIE = Total Interest Expenses Incurred (linked + independent) \u2212 Interest Income from Deposits and Loans. This is the basis for comparison with the 30% EBITDA threshold.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Step 2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine Net Operating Profit.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taken from item 30 on the Income Statement.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Step 3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculate depreciation expense\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine all depreciation of fixed assets, intangible fixed assets and allocated costs calculated during the period.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Step 4<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculate EBITDA based on corporate income tax.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EBITDA = Operating Profit + Total Interest Expenses Incurred + Depreciation Expense.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Step 5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine the maximum deductible interest expense (Control Threshold).<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maximum threshold = 30% x EBITDA.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comparative conclusion<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine deductible interest expenses.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If NIE is lower than the 30% EBITDA Threshold, the entire NIE is deducted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If NIE is greater than the 30% EBITDA Threshold, the excess is excluded from deductible expenses.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In summary, understanding each step in the table above helps businesses proactively control interest expenses and accurately assess the risk of exceeding the 30% EBITDA threshold. Once NIE, EBITDA and the maximum control level have been determined, businesses can quickly conclude which interest expenses can be deducted and which must be eliminated.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_minh_hoa_truong_hop_EBITDA_duong\"><\/span><b>Example illustrating a positive EBITDA scenario.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After understanding the process and each component of tax-determined EBITDA, the next step is to see how these metrics perform in practice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The example below uses hypothetical figures for Company A to illustrate the entire process of calculating Net Interest Expense, EBITDA, and the 30% threshold. The following table will help you easily visualize and apply it to your business.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000; height: 280px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><b>Indicators<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><b>Value (Billion VND)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><b>Note<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Net operating profit<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indicator 30 Business performance report.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total Interest Expenses Incurred (Intermediate + Independent)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest expense from affiliated parties: 35 billion; Independent: 5 billion<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest income from deposits.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excluded when calculating net interest.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depreciation expense<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Net interest expense (NIE):<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NIE = 40 \u2013 5 = 35 billion VND<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxable EBITDA:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EBITDA by tax = Operating profit + Total interest expense incurred + depreciation = 100 + 40 + 20 = 160 billion VND<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30% EBITDA control threshold:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EBITDA threshold = 30% \u00d7 160 = 48 billion VND<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Conclude:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Net interest expense of 35 billion is lower than 48 billion, so the whole is deductible when calculating corporate income tax.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truong_hop_dac_biet_EBITDA_am_loai_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>Special case: Negative EBITDA excluding interest expense from related-party transactions.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negative EBITDA occurs when a business incurs significant operating losses, resulting in negative net operating profit that is greater in absolute terms than the total interest expense and depreciation expense.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_EBITDA_am_Nguong_khong_che_se_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><b>When EBITDA is negative, what will the control threshold be?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine EBITDA: EBITDA will be a negative number.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maximum threshold: If EBITDA is negative, the result will be a negative number.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Control principle: According to the General Department of Taxation&#039;s guidelines, since the control threshold is a negative number, the maximum deductible interest expense must be zero.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If EBITDA is negative, the maximum deductible interest expense will be determined to be 0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that the entire net interest expense (NIE) of the business will be excluded from deductible expenses for the period. This is a huge tax risk for businesses that are in the investment phase, expanding production, or experiencing business difficulties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In reality, negative EBITDA is not just an accounting issue, but reflects:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses are using financial leverage too early.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or the capital structure is not suitable for the investment phase.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many international corporations have proactively accepted accounting losses but adjusted their capital structure to avoid negative EBITDA for tax purposes, thereby preserving deductible interest expenses in the long term.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_minh_hoa_chi_tiet_vo_EBITDA_am\"><\/span><b>Detailed illustration with negative EBITDA<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If EBITDA is negative, then, as a general rule, all interest expenses are at risk of being disallowed (i.e., not deductible when calculating corporate income tax).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chien_luoc_toi_uu_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>Strategies for optimizing interest costs on related-party transactions.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To avoid the risk of being excluded from interest expenses and optimize legal costs, businesses need to have proactive financial and tax strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lap_ke_hoach_von_va_EBITDA_thong_minh\"><\/span><b>Smart Capital and EBITDA Planning<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proactive capital planning is the best defense mechanism. Businesses need to regularly monitor the following indicators:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EBITDA Forecast: Regularly forecast net profit and depreciation to estimate EBITDA. In the initial investment years, when depreciation is high and profits are not yet available, the risk of negative EBITDA (excluding interest expense) is very high.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equity and debt financing strategy: Prioritize increasing equity capital during the initial establishment phase or major expansion to reduce leverage ratios and lessen the pressure of interest expenses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adjust loan timing: If possible, extend the loan schedule or convert internal loans into equity before the end of the tax period.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_dang_hoa_nguon_von_va_vay_tu_Ben_doc_lap\"><\/span><b>Diversify funding sources and borrow from independent parties<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the most effective strategies is to reduce reliance on interest expenses from related-party transactions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Borrowing from Banks: Increase borrowing from independent credit institutions (commercial banks). Interest expenses arising from these loans will not be controlled by the 30% EBITDA rule.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guarantee: The parent company can guarantee loans to its subsidiaries from independent banks instead of lending directly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tuan_thu_Ho_so_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><b>Compliance with the Affiliate Transaction Profile<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether or not you are excluded from interest expenses, preparing a Linked Transaction File is mandatory.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Independent Transaction Principle: Always ensure that internal borrowing interest rates are consistent with market interest rates. Although Decree 255\/2026\/ND-CP stipulates a threshold of 30% EBITDA, the tax authorities still have the right to inspect and adjust interest rates if they do not comply with the independent transaction principle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Documentation: Prepare complete supporting documents (Country Profile, Global Profile, Country-by-Country Profit Report) to defend the applied interest rate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuong_xuyen_thuc_hien_ra_soat\"><\/span><b>Regularly conduct reviews<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establish a system for quarterly periodic inspections:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quarterly review: Calculate estimated EBITDA and net interest expense for each quarter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sensitivity Analysis: Analyze how much a change in EBITDA would result in exceeding the 30% threshold. From there, the finance department can propose timely business or financial adjustments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In reality, most of the risk of interest expense disallowance does not stem from intentional violations by businesses, but rather from a lack of a cost control strategy tailored to each stage of operation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When EBITDA is unstable or negative, addressing the situation at the time of settlement is too late. Instead, businesses need to approach the issue of interest expense on related-party transactions systematically and according to a roadmap, from short-term to long-term.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below are three levels of strategies to optimize interest expense, helping businesses comply with Decree 255\/2026\/ND-CP while legally protecting their tax interests.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chien_luoc_ngan_han_trong_nam_tai_chinh\"><\/span><b>Short-term strategy (for the fiscal year)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Review of NIE \u2013 EBITDA on a quarterly basis<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adjusting the timing of expense recognition and depreciation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extend or restructure internal loans.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chien_luong_trung_han_tu_01_%E2%80%93_03_nam\"><\/span><b>Medium-term strategy (1-3 years)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Convert a portion of linked loans into equity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase independent borrowing with guarantees.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adjusting the internal financing model<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chien_luoc_dai_han_cau_truc_tap_doan\"><\/span><b>Long-term strategy (corporate structure)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redesigning the linked financial policy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standardize related-party transaction records from the start.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimizing taxes while ensuring compliance with BEPS.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><b>Conclude<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest expenses on related-party transactions are no longer a matter to be dealt with if audited, but have become a factor that needs to be proactively controlled right from the financial planning stage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even a small discrepancy in how EBITDA is determined can cause a business to lose all its right to deduct interest expenses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your business:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are significant interest expenses related to related-party transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently in the investment phase, with low or negative EBITDA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or perhaps the impact of Decree 255 has never been systematically reviewed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early assessment and proper restructuring will help businesses avoid the risk of tax arrears, while turning the 30% EBITDA limit into a legitimate tax leverage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/lien-he\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Contact MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> For expert support and advice!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\"><\/span><b>Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Address:<\/b>\u00a0No. 19A, Street 43, Tan Thuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mobile\/Zalo:<\/b>\u00a00903 963 163 \u2013 0903 428 622<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>E-mail:<\/b>\u00a0man@man.net.vn<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Google Business Profile:<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/share.google\/EmihzHg354pCASC9k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong>View MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network&#039;s Google Business Profile<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>LinkedIn Founder:<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/tuy%C3%AAn-l%C3%AA-ho%C3%A0ng-65292aa0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong>View expert Le Hoang Tuyen&#039;s LinkedIn profile.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Responsible for production and professional content review by: Mr.\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/man.net.vn\/le-hoang-tuyen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Le Hoang Tuyen \u2013 Founder &amp; CEO of MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/strong>. He is a CPA Vietnam auditor with over 30 years of in-depth experience in accounting, auditing, taxation, and corporate legal consulting.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_chi_phi_lai_vay_giao_dich_lien_ket\"><\/span><strong>Frequently Asked Questions about Related-Party Loan Interest Expense<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_phi_lai_vay_rong_NIE_la_gi\"><\/span><b>What is net interest expense (NIE)?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Net interest expense is the difference between total interest expenses incurred and income from interest on deposits and loans during the period.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neu_vuot_nguong_30_EBITDA_thi_sao\"><\/span><b>What happens if EBITDA exceeds the 30% threshold?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The portion of interest expense exceeding 30% EBITDA will not be deductible when determining corporate income tax, resulting in an increase in the amount of tax payable.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EBITDA_am_co_duoc_tru_chi_phi_lai_vay_khong\"><\/span><b>Can negative EBITDA be used to deduct interest expense?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When EBITDA is negative, the 30% control threshold is also negative, meaning that the maximum deductible interest expense is zero. In that case, the entire net interest expense can be disallowed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lai_suat_vay_giua_cac_ben_lien_ket_bao_nhieu_la_hop_ly\"><\/span><b>What is a reasonable interest rate for inter-party lending?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest rates must adhere to the arm&#039;s length principle, meaning they should be equivalent to the interest rates applied by independent parties under similar conditions. If interest rates are too high, the tax authorities may adjust them downward.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chi ph\u00ed l\u00e3i vay giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng\u201d khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb truy thu thu\u1ebf TNDN h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t thanh tra. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2488"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5061,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2488\/revisions\/5061"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giaodichlienket.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}